Contents. Overview Using bots on a local server is a way to play the game without an internet connection, or to gain experience in playing without the need for other human players. Bots are currently only run by the game client and can be run on any server. The term 'Single Player Mode' is most commonly used to describe a single client that is logged in to a local server with a number of bots. It is mostly used to test maps, as the simple robots do not offer any real gameplay challenge. Bots can be used on remote servers, but many of the owners of public servers do not allow bots to join with players. Use of bots on public servers is not recommended and can lead to being banned from the server.

1. Bzflag Mac

Starting a Single Player Session The basic idea behind starting a single player session is the following. Start a local server, ether by using the in-game menu, or via the command line. Start the game client using the -solo. Join the local server using the client and begin play. Starting a local server The simplest way to start a local server is to use the in-game Start Server menu. This menu is found on the at the very bottom.

This menu gives a number of settings for the server, including shot counts, and world options such as. Specific flags or more advanced options can not be set via the Start Server menu. To set additional options one must run manually and enter in a number of. See for more options. To keep the server local, do not use the -public option.

Starting the client with bots The game client must be started with a command-line option to enable bots. Bots can not be enabled from within the game menus. Linux and Unix On Linux or other Unix-like systems the game client can be started with command line options directly from the terminal. Bzflag -solo ## Where ## is the number of bots you want to run. Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows users can follow the following steps to create a shortcut that starts the game client with bots.

Locate the BZFlag shortcut installed in the programs section of the start menu. Drag the BZFlag shortcut with the right mouse button on to the desktop.

Pick the 'Copy here' item from the context menu that pops up when the drag is complete. Click on the Copied shortcut with the right mouse button and pick the 'properties' item. Find the 'Target' field in the shortcut properties window that is opened, and click in it. Use the right arrow key to find the end of the text in the target field. It will end in bzflag.exe'.

After the last quote(') add a space and then -solo ##. Where ## is the number of bots you wish to have. Save the changes by hitting the OK button at the bottom. Running this shortcut will now start the server with bot support. Mac OS X The Mac OS X method for starting the game with bot support is the same as the Linux method, but the path to the bzflag client is required.

If you installed BZFlag in your applications folder, then the command that needs to be typed into terminal will be along the lines of: /Applications/BZFlag.app/Contents/MacOS/bzflag -solo ## Where ## is the number of bots you want to run. Joining the Local Server Once the client is started with bot support you must do the following to join the local server. Go to the Join Game menu. Enter '127.0.0.1' in the server name field.

This is called 'localhost'. Enter '5154' in the port field.

Choose the 'Connect' item to join the server. This will connect to the local server with the number of bots specified to with the -solo option. Autopilot The aforementioned bot method creates what may be called 'simple' bots, which simply shoot and attempt to dodge bullets. A feature called autopilot, is activated when you press the '9' key on your keyboard while in-game, although as stated earlier, many servers do not allow this.

Some players may decide they want to open up 5 or 10 clients and place them on autopilot. When they do, it allows them to be able to jump, grab flags, and are slightly smarter than the 'simple' bots. See also.

BZFlag Volume Number: 20 (2004) Issue Number: 06 Column Tag: Programming BZFlag by Dave Mark A SourceForge Open Source Project Lots to talk about this month. There's a new version of Xcode up on the net, I got an excellent new toy I'll touch on briefly, and for the main event, we're going to download and build an open source Mac OS X program called BZFlag. The Latest Version of Xcode There's a new version of Xcode on the Apple Developer Connection web site.

Definitely worth the download. Make your way over to: Login, then click on the Download Software link. Figure 1 shows the section of the page dedicated to the new version of Xcode, version 1.2. If you are working off of an unadulterated Panther install, chances are good that you won't have an easy time using Safari to download the pieces that make up the new Xcode installer. Fortunately, there's a nifty piece of freeware that will make your job much easier.

MisFox is from a German programmer named Alexander Clauss and allows you to edit all the file mappings and protocol helpers used by Mac OS X. In our case, we want to set the FTP helper app to whatever FTP client you happen to be dating at the moment. Here's the URL for MisFox: Figure 1. The Xcode download listing in Safari. When I wrote this, version 1.2.1 was the most recent release. Figure 2 shows the main MisFox window. Note that there are 3 tabs to choose from: Default Applications, File Mappings, and Protocol Helpers.

I used the Default Applications tab to set my default FTP application to Interarchy. The MisFox Default Applications pane. If you go back to Figure 1, you'll see a Download button to the right of the Xcode Tools 1.2 CD. Once you use MisFox to set your default FTP client, Safari will hand the list of files behind that Download button to your client for easy downloading.

Xcode 1.2 consists of 21 segments. Download them, and if they are not automatically reassembled, just double-click on one of them. The disk image will be mounted and you can run the installer. Obviously, make sure you backup your hard drive before you do the install, just in case something goes horribly, horribly wrong.

When you first launch the new Xcode, you'll have a chance to go through the release notes to see what's new with the new version. If you miss your chance, go to the Help menu and select Show Release Notes. Lots of good info here. Still some issues to address, but lots of fixes, making this release of Xcode more stable overall.

An Awesome New Keyboard In the March 29th issue of TidBits, Adam Engst wrote a glowing review of the Tactile Pro keyboard from Matias. Here's a picture of the keyboard: Here's Adam's eloquent review: I live on my PowerBook. Have a 17' Apple Studio Display. But have never found a keyboard I was really happy with.

As you'll find when you read Adam's review, the designers made some excellent decisions when it came to laying out the keyboard. But to me, the most important aspect of this keyboard is its incredible responsiveness.

The keys on my PowerBook keyboard are mushy. Perhaps a better way of saying this is, I can't feel the micro-switches underneath the keys when I press them. The keys on the Tactile Pro keyboard, however, clack when I press them, the reassuring clack of a micro-switch being depressed. The throw of each key is deeper, meaning that I have to press each key down further as I type. This might seem like a bad thing, but it is not.

I can tell when I've pressed a key and the Tactile Pro keyboard is much more forgiving that any other keyboard I've tried. The result is much faster typing speeds with much higher accuracy. If you've ever typed on the old Apple Extended Keyboard (think back to the days of the original Macintosh II), you'll have a sense of the Tactile Pro. They used the same mechanical keyswitches, and the result is brilliant. You can buy it online at, $99.95. Mac OS in an Open Source World A long, long time ago, back before Cocoa and the second coming of Steven P. Jobs, the Mac was pretty much an island.

You were either a Mac person or you were not. When it came to Mac sample code, there were some wonderful communities set up, but they were always either Apple-driven, or catered for the most part to Mac people. If you found some cool Unix/X windows code, chances are pretty good that any sample projects were set up for Windows or Unix-based environments, Mac folk need not apply. Now that Mac OS X has passed through the steep portion of its adoption curve, there is much more of an acceptance of the Mac among the open source crowd.

A perfect example of this can be seen at the big dog of development web sites,. Now, you might think that your favorite web site has lots of sample code and a big community of users, but no. SourceForge has more than 800,000 registered users (and that number does not include the hundreds of thousands of developers who just like to poke around) and more than 80,000 hosted projects. Those are crazy huge numbers. In the olden days, there might have been a few scattered Mac projects, but they would have been few and far between. Navigate over to and click on the software map button, just below the banner ad towards the top of the window. Here's the URL that will get you there directly: This is a useful page if you are looking for a project and know the topic.

But you can also browse by other categories, including OS. Click on the Operating System link. Again, here's the direct link: Figure 3 shows the OS categories, along with the number of projects in each category. More than three thousand Mac OS projects. This is cool! The list of SourceForge projects, listed by OS. If you click on Mac OS, and then on Mac OS X, you'll find 2,290 Mac OS X projects, 1,526 of which are Cocoa projects.

That is a pretty rich vein of interesting material to explore. And, who knows, you might find a project that interests you so much that you'll dig in and get involved with the development process. SourceForge (and Open Source, in general) is cool that way. It is worth noting that there are many projects that support the Mac or will just plain run on the Mac that are not necessarily in the MacOS category. For example, there are several thousand Mac-savvy projects in the OS Independent and POSIX categories. Read through the rest of this column, then start digging around, see what you can find.

Building BZFlag Each month, SourceForge nominates a Project of the Month. This past April, the project of the month was a cool tank-based shooter game named BZFlag.

Here's a link to the SourceForge BZFlag page: Cool! Pictures of Tim Riker, David Trowbridge, and Sean Morrison, BZFlag's key developers. The page contains a lot of interesting info, including an interview with the principals. This is pretty typical of a 'potm' (project of the month) page. The potm URLs are well constructed, so you replace the 2004-04 with a 2004-03 to get to the March project of the month: The potm page is more of a marketing page. On it, you'll find a link to the SourceForge BZFlag Project page: This is the actual SourceForge home for BZFlag, where you'll go to download the various sources and binaries for the different platforms BZFlag supports. These pages are very well organized.

Figure 4 shows the listing of recent BZFlag file releases. The link at the bottom of the figure takes you to a page with a much more exhaustive listing. The list of recent BZFlag file releases on the project page. If all we were interested in was the app itself, we could download the binary for our platform. Now BZFlag is a lot of fun to play, but there's something gratifying about successfully building an app on your own machine, especially an app as complex as this one.

Bzflag Mac

Click on the bzflag source link towards the bottom of the list. Be sure to click on the one with the most recent date. As you can see, I'll be working with the one labeled April 25, 2004. This link will take you to a page listing various source releases, including the one you selected. Source code is archived in a number of different ways, depending on the OS.

In general, you do not want to download a.zip file. This will likely be a build intended for a Windows machine. The permissions will not be setup for Mac OS X, and there will also likely be carriage return/line feed confusion as well. For Mac OS X, look for a tar.bz2 or a tar.gz archive. Click on the link labeled: bzflag-1.10.5.20040426.tar.bz2 This will take you to a download page. Select your nearest location and click the link to start the download.

StuffIt Expander will expand the archive just fine. In the Finder, open the newly expanded directory. In my case, it was called bzflag-1.10.5.20040426.

Now open the subdirectory src/platform/MacOSX. As the name implies, these are the build files for Mac OS X. When the Xcode project window appears, click on the targets popup menu (it's in the upper-left corner) and select BZFlag (Figure 5). The BZFlag targets popup from the BZFlag project window. Now select Build and Run from the Build menu. This is gonna take a while, so this might be a good time to alphabetize those Zamfir pan flute CDs you've been collecting. When you start the build, if nothing appears to be happening, it may be that you have the split closed in your build window.

If your build window is not divided into two distinct panes, click on the dot on the bottom edge of the window and drag it up, towards the middle of the window (Figure 6). The build is driven by a set of Makefiles (Unix build scripts) and the script steps are shown in the bottom pane, while Xcode's compile messages will be shown in the top pane. Be sure you split your build window by dragging the dot from the bottom of the window towards the middle. If you get an error message during the build process, try changing the target to BZAdmin, doing a Build of that target, then selecting BZFlag as a target and doing a Build and Run again. Worst case, do a Build of the Everything target, then select BZFlag and do a Run. You need to run the BZFlag target to run the game.

Have fun playing BZFlag. It will take over the entire screen and put up a simple menu. Navigate the menu with the arrow keys and the return key. Escape takes you back up a level. Your choices are Join Game, Options, Help, and Quit. Review the help and options if you like, then select Join Game. This will take you to a new menu screen.

Select Find Server, scroll through the list of servers to find a game you like, select the game, then select Connect. You're in the game.

And there is always a game going. It is amazing how big this game has gotten. When you are done playing, hit escape, then arrow down to Quit. Doing a Unix Build Not every Mac OS X project will ship with an Xcode project.

That's OK, though. As long as the developers included the appropriate make files, we can use those to do our build. So if you had some trouble with your Xcode build or if you just want to give the Unix build process a try, here's the process. Use the cd command to navigate into the top level of the BZFlag folder you downloaded. For example, I unstuffed my archive onto my desktop. From my home directory, I did: cd Desktop and then I did: cd bzflag-1.10.5.20040426 I then did:./autogen.sh The leading './' tells the Unix shell to execute the shell script contained in the file autogen.sh found in the current directory, that is, in the directory bzflag-1.10.5.20040426.

The script hangs a bit, then spits out this message: BZFlag sources are now prepared. To build here, run:./configure make And that's exactly what you want to do next.

First, type:./configure This will create a bunch of Makefiles and do a few other things. When it is done, type this command: make Got a dual processor G5? If so, do a: make -j2 This tells make to split the task into two concurrent jobs. Gets the job done in half the time!

This will take a while. You'll be compiling a fairly large batch of code, so sit back and dream about Gilligan's Island. Who would you be? By the way, in case you were wondering, gcc is the C compiler, and g is the GNU C compiler. The build should take about 10 minutes (obviously, depends on your processor).

To run the binary, be sure you are still in that top directory and type the command: src/bzflag/bzflag If you get an error message, do an ls and verify that there is a directory named src in the current directory. If not, you may have changed directories Till Next Month.

Hopefully, between the Xcode method and the Terminal method, you've gotten BZFlag to run. Here are a couple of BZFlag related sites that can help you with your gameplay: Also, if you are IRC-savvy, you can make your way over to #bzflag on irc.freenode.net with any questions or comments. Your homework assignment is to search through some of the other Open Source projects on SourceForge.net listed in the Mac OS X area, find one you like, and get it to build. A huge shout out to Sean 'brlcad' Morrison for his most excellent help in getting BZFlag to build. Oh, and be sure to head over to and sign up for the email list. See you next month.

Dave Mark is a long-time Mac developer and author and has written a number of books on Macintosh development. Dave has been writing for MacTech since its birth! Be sure to check out Dave's latest and greatest at. MacTech is a registered trademark of Xplain Corporation. Xplain, 'The journal of Apple technology', Apple Expo, Explain It, MacDev, MacDev-1, THINK Reference, NetProfessional, Apple Expo, MacTech Central, MacTech Domains, MacNews, MacForge, and the MacTutorMan are trademarks or service marks of Xplain Corporation. Sprocket is a registered trademark of eSprocket Corporation.

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